The African air cargo industry is undergoing a major transformation, fueled by rising demand, increased investments, and technological advancements. As global trade patterns evolve, the sector is positioning itself as a crucial player in connecting Africa to the world.
Rising Demand for Air Cargo Services
Recent data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) reveals a steady increase in global air cargo demand, with January 2025 marking an 18th consecutive month of growth. In Africa, airlines reported an 8.5% surge in demand last year, and while this year’s growth is expected to slow slightly, experts remain optimistic.
One of the primary drivers of this expansion is Africa’s strategic geographic location, serving as a vital link between Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Major cargo hubs such as Nairobi, Cairo, and Johannesburg are strengthening their networks to accommodate growing air freight activity. Other key players, including Addis Ababa, Casablanca, and Lagos, are also enhancing their cargo capabilities.
Peter Kerins, CEO of Magma Aviation, a leading air cargo solutions company, emphasizes that Africa’s economic shifts are playing a pivotal role. “We’re witnessing a growing middle class, increased e-commerce penetration, and stronger regional trade initiatives. These factors are collectively driving demand for efficient and reliable air freight services.”
E-commerce Boom Fuels Growth
Africa’s e-commerce market is on a steep upward trajectory, projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.46% between 2025 and 2029, reaching an estimated $56.03 billion. International giants like Amazon are expanding their presence on the continent, while local platforms such as Jumia and Takealot continue to scale operations. This digital retail explosion necessitates faster and more efficient cargo transport, positioning air freight as the preferred solution for high-value and time-sensitive deliveries.
Additionally, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement, which aims to eliminate trade barriers among 55 African Union member states, is expected to streamline logistics and further boost air cargo demand. By simplifying cross-border transactions, the initiative is fostering economic integration and encouraging intra-African trade.
Key Trends in African Air Cargo
The industry is experiencing notable shifts in cargo shipments, with perishable goods emerging as a dominant category. Kenya, Ethiopia, and South Africa are leading exporters of fresh produce and flowers, particularly to Europe and the Middle East. The surge in demand has prompted significant investments in refrigerated cargo facilities and cold chain logistics at major airports.
Pharmaceutical transportation, particularly for vaccines, is another area of growth. With healthcare infrastructure improving and vaccine distribution expanding, African airports are upgrading storage and handling facilities to ensure temperature-sensitive cargo is transported safely.
Luxury goods, high-value electronics, and precious metals are also driving demand for secure and efficient air freight services. South Africa, Ghana, and Tanzania remain key exporters of gold and diamonds, while rising smartphone and laptop sales across the continent are contributing to increased cargo shipments.
Challenges Hindering Growth
Despite its promising trajectory, the African air cargo sector faces several challenges. High operational costs, including fuel prices, freight taxes, and handling fees, put pressure on profitability. Infrastructure limitations also remain a critical issue, with over half of African airports lacking adequate cargo facilities, leading to delays and inefficiencies.
Political instability in certain regions further complicates operations. Conflicts and security concerns can result in airspace restrictions, prolonged transit times, and safety risks for cargo crews. “Political uncertainty in areas like Sudan disrupts flight paths, and security challenges such as smuggling add another layer of complexity,” explains Kerins.
Infrastructure Investments Paving the Way Forward
To address these challenges, African airports are ramping up investments in infrastructure and technology. Nairobi’s Jomo Kenyatta International Airport has recently enhanced its cargo handling capabilities, while Cairo International Airport is undergoing a major expansion to cement its status as a global logistics hub. Addis Ababa Bole International Airport has also made significant strides, incorporating advanced cold storage facilities to support Africa’s booming perishable goods exports.
Modernization efforts extend beyond physical upgrades. Industry players are embracing digitalization, implementing automated cargo tracking systems and integrating supply chain management tools to streamline operations. Intermodal transport solutions, such as improved road and rail connectivity, are also being prioritized to enhance cargo movement between airports and inland markets.
The Future of African Air Cargo
While competition from sea freight remains a challenge, especially for bulk commodities, air cargo’s speed and efficiency will continue to be a competitive advantage for high-value and time-sensitive goods. As investments pour in and trade partnerships strengthen, the sector is poised for sustained growth.
“With better infrastructure, smarter logistics, and continued investment, Africa’s air cargo industry is set to play a bigger role in global trade,” says Kerins. “The next decade will be crucial in shaping Africa’s position as a key logistics hub.”
As the industry adapts to evolving market dynamics, one thing is clear: Africa’s air cargo sector is on a steady ascent, ready to meet the demands of a rapidly changing world.
